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Authors: Aidan Budd  or Terri Attwood 

Bioinformatics - the Power of Computers in Biology: A Practical Guide

This Practical Guide in the Bringing Bioinformatics into the Classroom series introduces simple bioinformatics approaches for database searching and sequence analysis. A ‘mystery’ gene is used as an exemplar: we first characterise the gene, then use it to explore the impact of gene loss in...

Scientific topics: Sequence analysis

Keywords: Basic bioinformatics, Basic linux commands, Bioinformatics schools, Gene loss, Genetic mutation, Raspberry pi computers, Sequence analysis, Sequence database searching, Training materials

Bioinformatics - the Power of Computers in Biology: A Practical Guide http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/bioinformatics-the-power-of-computers-in-biology-a-practical-guide This Practical Guide in the Bringing Bioinformatics into the Classroom series introduces simple bioinformatics approaches for database searching and sequence analysis. A ‘mystery’ gene is used as an exemplar: we first characterise the gene, then use it to explore the impact of gene loss in humans. Analyses are run both online and at the command line, the latter using Raspberry Pi computers running the 4273π variant of Linux (4273pi.org). Specifically, this Guide introduces a popular Web-based tool for searching biological sequence databases, and shows how similar functionality can be achieved using the Linux command line. On reading the Guide and completing the exercises, users will be able to: i) search biological sequence databases using the online program BLAST, and navigate GenPept sequence records; ii) execute some basic Linux commands to perform a set of simple file-manipulation tasks; iii) perform BLAST searches via the Linux command line; and iv) evaluate the biological implications of search results, with reference to mutations and function. Sequence analysis Basic bioinformatics, Basic linux commands, Bioinformatics schools, Gene loss, Genetic mutation, Raspberry pi computers, Sequence analysis, Sequence database searching, Training materials 2019-06-08
A Critical Guide to the neXtProt knowledgebase: querying using SPARQL

This Critical Guide in the Introduction to Bioinformatics series briefly outlines how to explore the neXtProt human protein database using SPARQL. While text indexation has made database contents more accessible, being able to combine search criteria for specific content permits more powerful...

Scientific topics: Database management

Keywords: Human protein database, Introduction bioinformatics, Introduction nextprot, Nextprot data model, Rdf triples, Semantic triples, Sparql queries, Sparql syntax, Training material

A Critical Guide to the neXtProt knowledgebase: querying using SPARQL http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/a-critical-guide-to-the-nextprot-knowledgebase-querying-using-sparql This Critical Guide in the Introduction to Bioinformatics series briefly outlines how to explore the neXtProt human protein database using SPARQL. While text indexation has made database contents more accessible, being able to combine search criteria for specific content permits more powerful querying, and provides a means to mine the information stored in databases. This Guide illustrates the use of the SPARQL semantic query language to interrogate neXtProt and other databases that provide SPARQL endpoints. Specifically, the Guide introduces the concept of database ‘semantic triples’, and examines features of the neXtProt data model. On reading this Guide, and completing the exercises, users will be able to: i) identify key entities within the neXtProt data model; ii) explain what these entities represent, what information they contain and what the information is used for; iii) identify key SPARQL syntax elements; iv) understand SPARQL tutorial examples; and v) write a SPARQL query to retrieve entries matching specific criteria. Database management Human protein database, Introduction bioinformatics, Introduction nextprot, Nextprot data model, Rdf triples, Semantic triples, Sparql queries, Sparql syntax, Training material Beginners 2019-06-06
Using Bioinformatics to Understand Genetic Diseases: A Practical Guide

This Practical Guide in the Bringing Bioinformatics into the Classroom series outlines a number of basic bioinformatics approaches that can be used to understand the molecular basis of genetic diseases. A rare variation in the insulin gene is discussed, and the impact of the variation on the gene...

Keywords: Basic bioinformatics, Bioinformatics schools, Gene finding, Genetic mutation, Insulin structure, Sequence alignment, Sequence database searching, Training material

Using Bioinformatics to Understand Genetic Diseases: A Practical Guide http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/using-bioinformatics-to-understand-genetic-diseases-a-practical-guide This Practical Guide in the Bringing Bioinformatics into the Classroom series outlines a number of basic bioinformatics approaches that can be used to understand the molecular basis of genetic diseases. A rare variation in the insulin gene is discussed, and the impact of the variation on the gene product, and how this results in disease, is explored. Specifically, this Guide introduces a range of commonly used bioinformatics tools and databases with which to analyse both DNA and protein sequences, and protein structures. On reading the Guide and completing the exercises, users will be able to: i) investigate the locations of genes on the human genome using a genome browser; ii) compare DNA sequences using an alignment tool; iii) translate a DNA sequence into its protein product; iv) search a protein structure database, and visualise the 3D structure of insulin; and v) infer whether insulin is specific to humans by using protein sequence database search tools. Basic bioinformatics, Bioinformatics schools, Gene finding, Genetic mutation, Insulin structure, Sequence alignment, Sequence database searching, Training material 2019-03-18
A Critical Guide to the PDB

This Critical Guide in the Introduction to Bioinformatics series provides a brief outline of the Protein Data Bank – the PDB – the world’s primary repository of biological macromolecular structures. The rationale for creating the resource and the kinds of information it provides are discussed,...

Scientific topics: Database management

Keywords: Introduction bioinformatics, Introduction pdb, Protein structure analysis, Protein structure databases, Protein structures

A Critical Guide to the PDB http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/a-critical-guide-to-the-pdb This Critical Guide in the Introduction to Bioinformatics series provides a brief outline of the Protein Data Bank – the PDB – the world’s primary repository of biological macromolecular structures. The rationale for creating the resource and the kinds of information it provides are discussed, and issues relating to its evolution and growth are explored. Specifically, this Guide introduces the principal features of the PDB, the nature (and quality) of its contents and how these may be interrogated. On reading this Guide, users will be able to: i) explain some of the ways in which knowledge of protein structures is useful; ii) identify the constituent databases of the wwPDB; iii) explain key features of the RCSB PDB in terms of its data distribution, growth and redundancy statistics; iv) search the PDB using simple and advanced keywords and full sequences, and analyse differences between them; and v) explain various structural quality criteria, and infer the quality of individual PDB entries. Database management Introduction bioinformatics, Introduction pdb, Protein structure analysis, Protein structure databases, Protein structures Beginners 2018-09-08
A Critical Guide to InterPro

This Critical Guide in the Introduction to Bioinformatics series provides an introduction to the InterPro database, the largest, most comprehensive, integrated protein family database in the world. The rationale for creating the resource, the nature of its contributing databases and the kinds of...

Scientific topics: Database management

Keywords: Introduction bioinformatics, Introduction interpro, Protein family classification, Protein family databases, Protein family hierarchies, Protein function annotation, Protein sequence analysis

A Critical Guide to InterPro http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/a-critical-guide-to-interpro This Critical Guide in the Introduction to Bioinformatics series provides an introduction to the InterPro database, the largest, most comprehensive, integrated protein family database in the world. The rationale for creating the resource, the nature of its contributing databases and the kinds of information they provide are discussed, and the role of InterPro in protein classification and function-annotation projects is outlined. Specifically, this Guide introduces the principal components of the InterPro database, the differences between them, and how their integration creates a resource whose diagnostic power is greater than the sum of its parts. On reading this Guide, users will be able to: i) explain how protein family databases are used to help annotate uncharacterised protein sequences; ii) identify InterPro’s constituent data resources and explain the main methods that underpin them; iii) search InterPro using keywords and full sequences; iv) analyse and interpret search results in terms of protein family hierarchies, their structural domains and functional features; and v) track the provenance of InterPro’s annotations. Database management Introduction bioinformatics, Introduction interpro, Protein family classification, Protein family databases, Protein family hierarchies, Protein function annotation, Protein sequence analysis Beginners 2018-09-08
A Critical Guide to the UniProtKB Flat-file Format

This Critical Guide briefly presents the need for biological databases and for a standard format for storing and organising biological data. Web-based interfaces have made databases more user-friendly, but knowledge of the underlying file format offers a deeper understanding of how to navigate...

Scientific topics: Database management

Keywords: Flat file databases, Flat files, Introduction bioinformatics, Uniprotkb flat file format

A Critical Guide to the UniProtKB Flat-file Format http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/a-critical-guide-to-the-uniprotkb-flat-file-format This Critical Guide briefly presents the need for biological databases and for a standard format for storing and organising biological data. Web-based interfaces have made databases more user-friendly, but knowledge of the underlying file format offers a deeper understanding of how to navigate and mine the information they contain, so that humans and machines can get the most out of them. This Guide explores the file format that underpins one of today’s most popular protein sequence databases – UniProtKB. Specifically, this Guide introduces the concept of database ‘flat-files’, and examines features of the UniProtKB flat-file format. On reading this Guide, users will be able to: i) identify key fields within UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL flat-files; ii) explain what these fields mean, what information they contain and what the information is used for; iii) analyse the information in different fields and infer structural and functional features of a sequence; iv) examine and investigate the provenance of annotations; and v) compare annotations at different time-points and evaluate the likely impact of annotation changes. Database management Flat file databases, Flat files, Introduction bioinformatics, Uniprotkb flat file format Beginners 2018-09-08
A Critical Guide to UniProtKB

This Critical Guide in the Introduction to Bioinformatics series provides a brief outline of the UniProt protein sequence database, with a particular focus on the UniProt Knowledgebase – UniProtKB. The rationale for creating the resource, its contributing databases and the kinds of information...

Scientific topics: Database management

Keywords: Introduction bioinformatics, Introduction uniprot, Protein sequence databases, Uniprot knowledgebase

A Critical Guide to UniProtKB http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/a-critical-guide-to-uniprotkb This Critical Guide in the Introduction to Bioinformatics series provides a brief outline of the UniProt protein sequence database, with a particular focus on the UniProt Knowledgebase – UniProtKB. The rationale for creating the resource, its contributing databases and the kinds of information they provide are discussed, and issues behind the quality of their annotations are explored. Specifically, this Guide introduces the principal components of the UniProt Knowledgebase, and the differences between them. On reading this Guide, users will be able to: i) identify and explain the characteristic features of UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL entries; ii) distinguish annotations that are computed, and hence not experimentally validated; iii) search UniProtKB using keywords, full sequences and peptides, and interpret the results; iv) analyse and track the provenance of annotations; and v) infer which annotations are likely to be accurate and which erroneous. Database management Introduction bioinformatics, Introduction uniprot, Protein sequence databases, Uniprot knowledgebase Beginners 2018-09-08
A Critical Guide to BLAST

This Critical Guide in the Introduction to Bioinformatics series provides an overview of the BLAST similarity search tool, briefly examining the underlying algorithm and its rise to popularity. Several Web-based and stand-alone implementations are reviewed, and key features of typical search...

Keywords: Introduction bioinformatics, Introduction blast, Sequence database searching, Sequence similarity searching

A Critical Guide to BLAST http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/a-critical-guide-to-blast This Critical Guide in the Introduction to Bioinformatics series provides an overview of the BLAST similarity search tool, briefly examining the underlying algorithm and its rise to popularity. Several Web-based and stand-alone implementations are reviewed, and key features of typical search results are discussed. Specifically, this Guide introduces concepts and theories that underpin the BLAST search tool, and examines features of search outputs important for understanding and interpreting BLAST results. On reading this Guide, users will be able to: i) search a variety of Web-based sequence databases with different query sequences, and alter search parameters; ii) explain a range of typical search parameters, and the likely impacts on search outputs of changing them; iii) analyse the information conveyed in search outputs and infer the significance of reported matches; iv) examine and investigate the annotations of reported matches, and their provenance; and v) compare the outputs of different BLAST implementations and evaluate the implications of any differences. Introduction bioinformatics, Introduction blast, Sequence database searching, Sequence similarity searching Beginners 2018-09-08
A Critical Guide to Unix

This Critical Guide in the Introduction to Bioinformatics series briefly introduces the Unix Operating System, and provides a subset of some of the most helpful and commonly used commands, including those that allow various types of search, navigation and file manipulation. Several keystroke...

Keywords: Command line, Introduction bioinformatics, Introduction unix, Unix commands, Unix operating system

A Critical Guide to Unix http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/a-critical-guide-to-unix This Critical Guide in the Introduction to Bioinformatics series briefly introduces the Unix Operating System, and provides a subset of some of the most helpful and commonly used commands, including those that allow various types of search, navigation and file manipulation. Several keystroke short-cuts are also explained, which help to make the routine use of Unix commands more efficient. Specifically, this Guide showcases some of the simplest, most frequently used commands to help new users to understand and gain confidence in using the Unix Operating System. On reading the Guide, users will be able: i) to exploit a range of commands: to manipulate files, directories and processes; to navigate directory structures and explore their contents; to search for files, and search and compare file contents; and to direct command outputs into files or into other commands; and ii) to explain what many simple commands mean and how they’re used. Command line, Introduction bioinformatics, Introduction unix, Unix commands, Unix operating system Beginners 2018-09-08
EMBER - a practical guide to bioinformatics

EMBER is an online practical designed to provide a brief, hands-on introduction to a range of bioinformatics databases and tools on the Web. It comprises basic and slightly more advanced 'chapters', and a number of case studies. Chapters include reflective questions, to stimulate critical...

EMBER - a practical guide to bioinformatics http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/ember-a-practical-guide-to-bioinformatics EMBER is an online practical designed to provide a brief, hands-on introduction to a range of bioinformatics databases and tools on the Web. It comprises basic and slightly more advanced 'chapters', and a number of case studies. Chapters include reflective questions, to stimulate critical thinking about results, and end-of-chapter quizzes. A glossary of terms and further reading is also provided. The basic chapters introduce students to practical protein sequence analysis, looking at protein sequence and protein family database searching, sequence alignment and 3D structure classification. For new users, the system requires creation of an account - in the registration form, select "independent user". Once an account has been created, log in to continue (make sure you have cookies enabled in your browser before proceeding). 2018-03-15
Interactive bioinformatics 'taster' for students - exploring sickle cell anaemia

Developed in collaboration with the Royal Society, this material provides a short interactive introduction to bioinformatics, and includes a bioinformatics 'game' that simulates database searching and protein sequence analysis, with a focus on sickle cell anaemia. This is a fun activity with...

Interactive bioinformatics 'taster' for students - exploring sickle cell anaemia http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/interactive-bioinformatics-taster-for-students-exploring-sickle-cell-anaemia Developed in collaboration with the Royal Society, this material provides a short interactive introduction to bioinformatics, and includes a bioinformatics 'game' that simulates database searching and protein sequence analysis, with a focus on sickle cell anaemia. This is a fun activity with which to introduce bioinformatics to school students. 2018-03-15
Intended Learning Outcome Advisor

This tool allows trainers to evaluate Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) they've written to accompany their training resources. The tool is able to assess sets of ILOs against representative verbs for each level of Bloom's Taxonomy, verifying both the Bloom's level to which they correspond and the...

Intended Learning Outcome Advisor http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/intended-learning-outcome-advisor This tool allows trainers to evaluate Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs) they've written to accompany their training resources. The tool is able to assess sets of ILOs against representative verbs for each level of Bloom's Taxonomy, verifying both the Bloom's level to which they correspond and the appropriateness of the verbs used; where verbs appear ambiguous, the tool offers guidance to help improve the description of the respective ILO. 2018-02-15
QuickGuides

A range of Quick Guides to commonly used bioinformatics tools and resources.

Keywords: Blast, Emboss, Mysql, Perl, Phylip, Unixlinux, Velvet

QuickGuides http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/quickguides A range of Quick Guides to commonly used bioinformatics tools and resources. Blast, Emboss, Mysql, Perl, Phylip, Unixlinux, Velvet Beginners 2014-07-31 2017-10-09
Introduction to Multiple Sequence Alignments (MSAs) and Phylogenies

Slides used for teaching an introduction to phylogenies and MSAs in the context of phylogenies for the first day of a two-day course on MSAs at Cambridge University, in the UK, in December 2013. Course taught together with Holger Dinkel and Terri Attwood.

Keywords: Molecular evolution, Multiple sequence alignment, Phylogenetics, Protein sequence analysis, Sequence alignment

Introduction to Multiple Sequence Alignments (MSAs) and Phylogenies http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/introduction-to-multiple-sequence-alignments-msas-and-phylogenies Slides used for teaching an introduction to phylogenies and MSAs in the context of phylogenies for the first day of a two-day course on MSAs at Cambridge University, in the UK, in December 2013. Course taught together with Holger Dinkel and Terri Attwood. Molecular evolution, Multiple sequence alignment, Phylogenetics, Protein sequence analysis, Sequence alignment Bench biologists Post-Doctoral Fellows Postgraduate students principle investigators 2013-12-19 2017-10-09
Understanding Multiple Sequence Alignments - Lecture Handouts & Utopia Hands-On

This presentation aims to provide a basic understanding of the range of contexts in which protein sequence alignments are used and are useful, focusing on the importance of sequence similarities and differences, and what they tell us. Overall, the objective is to offer different perspectives and...

Keywords: Multiple sequence alignment, Protein sequence analysis, Sequence analysis

Understanding Multiple Sequence Alignments - Lecture Handouts & Utopia Hands-On http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/understanding-multiple-sequence-alignments-lecture-handouts-utopia-hands-on This presentation aims to provide a basic understanding of the range of contexts in which protein sequence alignments are used and are useful, focusing on the importance of sequence similarities and differences, and what they tell us. Overall, the objective is to offer different perspectives and insights into the meaning of alignments, and to convey an understanding of the use of metaphor and its role in interpreting alignments. The talk is accompanied by a hands-on practical analysis using the Utopia sequence analysis suite. Multiple sequence alignment, Protein sequence analysis, Sequence analysis Biomedical researchers Life Science Researchers Postgraduate students 2013-12-17 2017-10-09
Summarising sets of phylogenies

A presentation given as part of the Basic Evolution Workshop, a trans-African virtual training course (described in this BioEssays article PMID: 21312200; the course wiki is here http://molecevol10.wikispaces.com/). Introduces concepts of splits, consensus trees, consensus networks, describes...

Keywords: Bootstrap, Consensus trees, Phylogenetic splits, Phylogenetics

Summarising sets of phylogenies http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/summarising-sets-of-phylogenies A presentation given as part of the Basic Evolution Workshop, a trans-African virtual training course (described in this BioEssays article PMID: 21312200; the course wiki is here http://molecevol10.wikispaces.com/). Introduces concepts of splits, consensus trees, consensus networks, describes examples of applications of these tools, along with introducing ideas of tree topology and some terminology associated with it. Designed for remote training. Bootstrap, Consensus trees, Phylogenetic splits, Phylogenetics Bench biologists 2013-10-23 2017-10-09
Introduction to Multiple Sequence Alignment

An introduction to multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) for bench biologists delivered as part of the EMBL Australia Masterclass on Protein Sequence Analysis http://oz-masterclass.wikispaces.com/ . Focuses on describing: the "anatomy" of a sequence alignment; two alternative interpretations of...

Keywords: Multiple sequence analysis, Protein structure, Sequence analysis

Introduction to Multiple Sequence Alignment http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/introduction-to-multiple-sequence-alignment An introduction to multiple sequence alignments (MSAs) for bench biologists delivered as part of the EMBL Australia Masterclass on Protein Sequence Analysis http://oz-masterclass.wikispaces.com/ . Focuses on describing: the "anatomy" of a sequence alignment; two alternative interpretations of alignmetns (structural and evolutionary), and ways of building manual and automatic alignments, and an introduction to JalView Multiple sequence analysis, Protein structure, Sequence analysis Bench biologists 2013-10-23 2017-10-09
Introduction to Bioinformatics

An introduction to bioinformatics for bench biologists delivered as part of the EMBL Australia Masterclass on Protein Sequence Analysis http://oz-masterclass.wikispaces.com/ . Focuses on using UniProt to explore different reasons why information inferred by "direct assay" and "prediction" could...

Keywords: Introduction bioinformatics

Introduction to Bioinformatics http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/introduction-to-bioinformatics An introduction to bioinformatics for bench biologists delivered as part of the EMBL Australia Masterclass on Protein Sequence Analysis http://oz-masterclass.wikispaces.com/ . Focuses on using UniProt to explore different reasons why information inferred by "direct assay" and "prediction" could be wrong, and what we can do to spot it. Introduction bioinformatics Bench biologists 2013-10-23 2017-10-09
Interpreting Phylogenies

Content for a one-day course delivered in April 2013 at the University of Cambridge, together with Sarah Parks, Cilia Antoniou, and Adrian Friday. Uses examples taken from several published papers to explore some of the assumptions and concepts we use when presenting and interpreting phylogenetic...

Keywords: Molecular evolution, Phylogenetics

Interpreting Phylogenies http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/interpreting-phylogenies Content for a one-day course delivered in April 2013 at the University of Cambridge, together with Sarah Parks, Cilia Antoniou, and Adrian Friday. Uses examples taken from several published papers to explore some of the assumptions and concepts we use when presenting and interpreting phylogenetic trees. Includes exercises on visulaising and manipulating trees using Dendroscope and NJplot to reinforce some of these ideas, while also providing a very basic overview of steps involved in a generic phylogenetic analysis. Molecular evolution, Phylogenetics experimeintal biologist researchers field biologist researchers 2013-09-13 2017-10-09
Bioinformatics: Gene-protein-structure-function

This presentation examines the available in silico tools for protein structure and function prediction. It examines the major protein family databases (PROSITE, PRINTS, Pfam, etc.), and explores why tools like PSI-BLAST, while convenient and easy to use, may not always give optimal results. The...

Keywords: Expert systems, Genequiz, Protein family characterisation, Protein family databases, Protein sequence analysis, Psi blast

Bioinformatics: Gene-protein-structure-function http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/bioinformatics-gene-protein-structure-function This presentation examines the available in silico tools for protein structure and function prediction. It examines the major protein family databases (PROSITE, PRINTS, Pfam, etc.), and explores why tools like PSI-BLAST, while convenient and easy to use, may not always give optimal results. The presentation concludes with an analysis of 'expert' systems and integrated approaches (GeneQuiz, MAGPIE, InterPro, etc.), and dispels the commonly held notion that one database and/or one analysis tool is best. Expert systems, Genequiz, Protein family characterisation, Protein family databases, Protein sequence analysis, Psi blast beginner bioinformaticians biocurators postdoc postgrad 2013-07-12 2017-10-09
InterPro: An introduction

This presentation introduces the background to the InterPro database: what it is, where it came from, and what was the vision behind its creation. It examines in particular whether the database has evolved in line with its original vision, and asks whether the resource is still fit for purpose. 

Keywords: Integrated diagnostic tools, Protein family characterisation, Protein sequence analysis

InterPro: An introduction http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/interpro-an-introduction This presentation introduces the background to the InterPro database: what it is, where it came from, and what was the vision behind its creation. It examines in particular whether the database has evolved in line with its original vision, and asks whether the resource is still fit for purpose.  Integrated diagnostic tools, Protein family characterisation, Protein sequence analysis beginner bioinformaticians biocurators postdoc postgrad 2013-07-12 2017-10-09
PRINTS: A protein family database with a difference

A presentation designed to introduce the concept of protein family analysis and characterisation using motif-based methods, with a particular focus on protein fingerprinting. Following a general introduction to sequence analysis, and the fingerprint approach, specific examples are given to...

Keywords: Functional diagnosis, Protein family characterisation, Protein sequence analysis

PRINTS: A protein family database with a difference http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/prints-a-protein-family-database-with-a-difference A presentation designed to introduce the concept of protein family analysis and characterisation using motif-based methods, with a particular focus on protein fingerprinting. Following a general introduction to sequence analysis, and the fingerprint approach, specific examples are given to demonstrate the importance of understanding how to interpret the results of different sequence analysis methods and, crucially, the differences between them, and the added value that fingerprints bring. Functional diagnosis, Protein family characterisation, Protein sequence analysis beginner bioinformaticians biocurators postdoc postgrad 2013-07-12 2017-10-09
Concepts, historical milestones & the central place of bioinformatics in modern biology: a European perspective

Short history of the emergence of bioinformatics as a discipline in Europe, following the near simultaneous advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques and the World Wide Web, which made dissemination of the rapidly accumulating sequence data both simple and feasible on a large scale.

Keywords: Bioinformatics history, Biomolecular databases, Biomolecular sequences, European perspective

Concepts, historical milestones & the central place of bioinformatics in modern biology: a European perspective http://tess.elixir-uk.org/materials/concepts-historical-milestones-the-central-place-of-bioinformatics-in-modern-biology-a-european-perspective Short history of the emergence of bioinformatics as a discipline in Europe, following the near simultaneous advent of high-throughput sequencing techniques and the World Wide Web, which made dissemination of the rapidly accumulating sequence data both simple and feasible on a large scale. Bioinformatics history, Biomolecular databases, Biomolecular sequences, European perspective 2013-06-25 2017-10-09